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KEGG Pathway Report
Basic Info
| ID | hsa04650 |
|---|---|
| Name | Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity |
| Description | Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are involved in early defenses against both allogeneic (nonself) cells and autologous cells undergoing various forms of stress, such as infection with viruses, bacteria, or parasites or malignant transformation. Although NK cells do not express classical antigen receptors of the immunoglobulin gene family, such as the antibodies produced by B cells or the T cell receptor expressed by T cells, they are equipped with various receptors whose engagement allows them to discriminate between target and nontarget cells. Activating receptors bind ligands on the target cell surface and trigger NK cell activation and target cell lysis. However Inhibitory receptors recognize MHC class I molecules (HLA) and inhibit killing by NK cells by overruling the actions of the activating receptors. This inhibitory signal is lost when the target cells do not express MHC class I and perhaps also in cells infected with virus, which might inhibit MHC class I exprssion or alter its conformation. The mechanism of NK cell killing is the same as that used by the cytotoxic T cells generated in an adaptive immune response; cytotoxic granules are released onto the surface of the bound target cell, and the effector proteins they contain penetrate the cell membrane and induce programmed cell death. |
| No. of Genes in ADHDgene | 16 |
| Source | Pathway by Database Search |
Pathway related genes in ADHDgene (count: 16)
Literature-origin genes (count: 0)
Genes from other sources 
(count: 16)
| Approved Symbol | Approved Name | Location | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITGAL | integrin, alpha L (antigen CD11A (p180), lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1; alpha polypeptide) | 16p13.1-p11 | Mapped by CNV |
| PRKCB | protein kinase C, beta | 16p12 | Mapped by significant region |
| NFATC4 | nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 4 | 14q11.2 | Mapped by significant region |
| MAPK3 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 | 16p11.2 | Mapped by CNV |
| PAK1 | p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 1 | 11q13-q14 | Mapped by significant region |
| MAPK1 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 | 22q11.2 | Mapped by LD-proxy |
| SHC3 | SHC (Src homology 2 domain containing) transforming protein 3 | 9q22.1 | Mapped by significant region |
| FCGR3B | Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity IIIb, receptor (CD16b) | 1q23 | Mapped by CNV |
| FCGR3A | Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity IIIa, receptor (CD16a) | 1q23 | Mapped by CNV |
| PIK3R1 | phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 1 (alpha) | 5q13.1 | Mapped by significant region |
| PIK3CG | phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, gamma polypeptide | 7q22 | Mapped by CNV |
| SYK | spleen tyrosine kinase | 9q22 | Mapped by significant region |
| PPP3R2 | protein phosphatase 3, regulatory subunit B, beta | 9q31 | Mapped by significant region |
| IFNGR1 | interferon gamma receptor 1 | 6q23-q24 | Mapped by significant region |
| PLCG2 | phospholipase C, gamma 2 (phosphatidylinositol-specific) | 16q24.1 | Mapped by significant region |
| GZMB | granzyme B (granzyme 2, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated serine esterase 1) | 14q11.2 | Mapped by significant region |