ADHDgene Database

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Large-scale studies

Data Summary

Published Variant
- SNP: 1391
- CNV: 398
- Others: 173
Published Gene: 359
Published Region: 128
Pathway by PBA: 8
Study: 361

Study Report

Basic Info

Reference	Makkar R, 200717413450
Citation	Makkar R., Gomez L., Wigg K. G., Ickowicz A., Pathare T., Tannock R., Malone M., Kennedy J. L., Schachar R. and Barr C. L. (2007) "The gene for synapsin III and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder." Psychiatr Genet, 17(2): 109-12.
Study Design	family-based
Study Type	Candidate-gene association study
Sample Size	177 families with 220 affected children
Predominant Ethnicity	Caucasian
Population	Canada
Age Group	Children/Adolescents : 7-16 years

Detail Info

Summary	In this study, they genotyped five markers across the gene on 177 small, nuclear families consisting of an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder proband, their parents, and 43 affected siblings. They examined the transmission of the alleles at each one of these sites and the haplotypes of the polymorphisms using the transmission disequilibrium test. Their observations did not yield any evidence of biased transmission of the alleles at any polymorphism or haplotype. On the basis of the evidence for synapsins in learning and memory from animal models, they also investigated the relationship of this gene to verbal short-term and working memory as measured by digit span forward and backwards. No evidence was found for an association of this gene to these traits.
Total Sample	In this study, they genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms across the SYN3 gene in the sample of 177 families with 220 affected children.
Diagnosis Description	The assessment and diagnostic characteristics for the participants in this study have been previously described (Barr et al., 2000, 2001a, b; Misener et al., 2004). Briefly, the participants were included if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, DSM-IV (USAn Psychiatric Association, 1994). Verbal short-term and working-memory were assessed with the digit span subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III).
Technique	DNA was extracted from blood lymphocytes using a highsalt extraction method (Miller et al., 1988). The rs133945 polymorphism, identified as -196G/A by Ohmori et al. (2000), located in the 5'-upstream region was genotyped using a restriction enzyme assay. The remaining polymorphisms were genotyped using the 5' nuclease assay (TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay; Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California, USA), on an ABI 7900 (Applied Biosystems) using standard methods.
Analysis Method	Statistical analysis of the TDT was performed using the ETDT program (Sham and Curtis, 1995). Haplotype analysis was performed using the TRANSMIT program (Clayton, 1999). Quantitative analysis was performed using the FBAT program (Horvath and Laird, 1998).
Result Description	Their observations did not yield any evidence of biased transmission of the alleles at any polymorphism or haplotype. On the basis of the evidence for synapsins in learning and memory from animal models, they also investigated the relationship of this gene to verbal short-term and working memory as measured by digit span forward and backwards. No evidence was found for an association of this gene to these traits.

SNPs reported by this study (count: 5)

SNP	Allele Change	Risk Allele	Statistical Values	Author Comments	Result of Statistical Analysis
rs133946	C/G		TDT P-value=0.283, X²=1.154	no significant biased transmission for any of the alleles of...... no significant biased transmission for any of the alleles of the polymorphism was observed using the TDT More...	Non-significant
rs133945	T/C		TDT P-value=0.668, X²=0.184	no significant biased transmission for any of the alleles of...... no significant biased transmission for any of the alleles of the polymorphism was observed using the TDT More...	Non-significant
rs242089	A/G		TDT P-value=0.414, X²=0.667	no significant biased transmission for any of the alleles of...... no significant biased transmission for any of the alleles of the polymorphism was observed using the TDT More...	Non-significant
rs3788459	C/T		TDT P-value=0.676, X²=0.175	no significant biased transmission for any of the alleles of...... no significant biased transmission for any of the alleles of the polymorphism was observed using the TDT More...	Non-significant
rs1056484	C/T		TDT P-value=0.651, X²=0.205	no significant biased transmission for any of the alleles of...... no significant biased transmission for any of the alleles of the polymorphism was observed using the TDT More...	Non-significant

Genes reported by this study (count: 1)