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KEGG Pathway Report
Basic Info
| ID | hsa04940 |
|---|---|
| Name | Type I diabetes mellitus |
| Description | Type I diabetes mellitus is a disease that results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta-cells. Certain beta-cell proteins act as autoantigens after being processed by antigen-presenting cell (APC), such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and presented in a complex with MHC-II molecules on the surface of the APC. Then immunogenic signals from APC activate CD4+ T cells, predominantly of the Th1 subset. Antigen-activated Th1 cells produce IL-2 and IFNgamma. They activate macrophages and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and these effector cells may kill islet beta-cells by one or both of two types of mechanisms: (1) direct interactions of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells with a beta-cell autoantigen-MHC-I complex on the beta-cell, and (2) non-specific inflammatory mediators, such as free radicals/oxidants and cytokines (IL-1, TNFalpha, TNFbeta, IFNgamma). |
| No. of Genes in ADHDgene | 6 |
| Source | Pathway by Database Search |
Pathway related genes in ADHDgene (count: 6)
Literature-origin genes (count: 2)
| Approved Symbol | Approved Name | Location | No. of Studies (significant/non-significant/trend)  |
|---|---|---|---|
| HLA-DRB1 | major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1 | 6p21.3 | 2(1/1/0) |
| PTPRN2 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, N polypeptide 2 | 7q36 | 1(0/0/1) |
Genes from other sources (count: 4)
| Approved Symbol | Approved Name | Location | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL12B | interleukin 12B (natural killer cell stimulatory factor 2, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 2, p40) | 5q31.1-q33.1 | Mapped by significant region |
| PTPRN | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, N | 2q35-q36.1 | Mapped by significant region |
| GZMB | granzyme B (granzyme 2, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated serine esterase 1) | 14q11.2 | Mapped by significant region |
| INS | insulin | 11p15.5 | Mapped by literature SNP |