ADHDgene Database

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Large-scale studies

Data Summary

Published Variant
- SNP: 1391
- CNV: 398
- Others: 173
Published Gene: 359
Published Region: 128
Pathway by PBA: 8
Study: 361

Study Report

Basic Info

Reference	Lu AT, 200818213623
Citation	Lu A. T., Ogdie M. N., Jarvelin M. R., Moilanen I. K., Loo S. K., McCracken J. T., McGough J. J., Yang M. H., Peltonen L., Nelson S. F., Cantor R. M. and Smalley S. L. (2008) "Association of the cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1) with ADHD and post-traumatic stress disorder." Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet, 147B(8): 1488-94.
Study Design	case-control and family-based
Study Type	Candidate-gene association study
Sample Size	187 trios; 159 cases and 151 controls
Predominant Ethnicity	Caucasian
Population	USA, Finland
Gender	130 (69.5%) males and 57 (30.5%) females among 187 children in the family-based sample; 201 (64.8%) males and 109 (35.2%) females in the case-control sample
Age Group	Children/Adolescents and Adults : mean age 12.7, SD=3.3 years (range, 5-25) in the family-based sample; mean age 16.1,SD=0.3 years in the case-control sample

Detail Info

Summary	They tested SNP variants at the CNR1 gene in two independent samples-an unselected adolescent sample from Northern Finland, and a family-based sample of trios (an ADHD child and their parents). In addition to using the trios for association study, the parents (with and without ADHD) were used as an additional case/control sample of adults for association tests. ADHD and its co-morbid psychiatric disorders were examined. A significant association was detected for a SNP haplotype (C-G) with ADHD (P-value=0.008). A sex by genotype interaction was observed as well with this haplotype posing a greater risk in males than females.
Total Sample	a sample of 187 trios randomly drawn from the affected sibling pair sample of the UCLA ADHD Genetic study were available to apply family-based association tests; the second independent sample consists of adolescent ADHD cases (n=159) and controls (n=151) drawn from a Northern Finnish Birth Cohort
Sample Collection	81.8% are Caucasians, 3.2% Hispanic, 4.8% are other ethnic groupings, and 10.2% are mixed-ethnic group in the family-based sample, Northern Finnish Birth Cohort in the case-control sample
Diagnosis Description	A similar diagnostic system is in place for samples used in the current analyses. ADHD and other psychiatric diagnoses were determined using a semi-structured psychiatric interview, KSADS-PL for children 5-18, and SADS-LAR for adults with the Behavioral Disorders section of the KSADS-PL used to determine lifetime and current ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder.
Technique	Genotyping was performed using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays and the 7900HT Fast Real-Time PCR System for fluorescent read detection and allelic clustering. All assays were performed in 5 ml volume in 384-well plates according to the manufacturers' specifications.
Analysis Method	Associations of SNPs and haplotypes with the psychiatric diagnostic phenotypes under analysis were assessed using FBAT for LA parent-child trios or a case-control test for the Finnish sample and Caucasian parents in the LA trios.
Result Description	A significant association was detected for a SNP haplotype with ADHD. A sex by genotype interaction was observed as well with this haplotype posing a greater risk in males than females. An association of an alternative SNP haplotype in this gene was found for post-traumatic stress disorder. These observations require replication, however, they suggest that the CNR1 gene may be a risk factor for ADHD and possibly PTSD, and that this gene warrants further investigation for a role in neuropsychiatric disorders.

SNPs reported by this study (count: 4)

SNP	Allele Change	Risk Allele	Statistical Values	Author Comments	Result of Statistical Analysis
rs806377	C/T		P-value>0.05	showed no association with ADHD showed no association with ADHD	Non-significant
rs6454674	G/T		P-value>0.05	showed no association with ADHD showed no association with ADHD	Non-significant
rs806368	C/T		P-value>0.05	showed no association with ADHD showed no association with ADHD	Non-significant
rs1049353	A/G		P-value>0.05	showed no association with ADHD showed no association with ADHD	Non-significant

Genes reported by this study (count: 1)