ADHDgene Database

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Large-scale studies

Data Summary

Published Variant
- SNP: 1391
- CNV: 398
- Others: 173
Published Gene: 359
Published Region: 128
Pathway by PBA: 8
Study: 361

Study Report

Basic Info

Reference	Cho SC, 2008(a)18835330
Citation	Cho S. C., Kim J. W., Kim B. N., Hwang J. W., Shin M. S., Park M., Kim S. A., Cho D. Y., Yoo H. J., Chung U. S., Son J. W. and Park T. W. (2008) "Association between the alpha-2C-adrenergic receptor gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a Korean sample." Neurosci Lett, 446(2-3): 108-11.
Study Design	case-control and family-based
Study Type	Candidate-gene association study
Sample Size	184 ADHD probands, 150 normal controls, and 98 trios
Predominant Ethnicity	Mongoloid
Population	Korea
Gender	162 boys for cases, 131 boys for controls, unknown in the trios
Age Group	Children/Adolescents : mean 9.2,SD=2.3 years

Detail Info

Summary	The aims of this study were to examine the association between the ADRA2C (GT)n repeat polymorphism (STR marker adra2c1) and ADHD in a Korean sample. In this case-control and family-based association study, they assessed 184 ADHD probands, 150 normal controls, and 98 trios. There were no significant differences in the allele frequencies of the ADRA2C polymorphism between the ADHD and control groups (p>0.05). The overall allele-wise transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) analysis showed statistical significance (X²=19.07, P-value=0.025). They found a trend for preferential transmission of the 183-bp allele (X²=3.72, P-value=0.054), and a significantly lower-than-expected rate of transmission of the 187-bp allele (X²=6.26, P-value=0.012). The findings provide important evidence that the ADRA2C polymorphism is involved in the etiology of ADHD in Korean subjects.
Total Sample	family sample included 186 children with ADHD (mean age 9.2,SD=2.3 years), consisting of 162 boys and 24 girls, and their parents, who agreed to participate in the study. The control group included 150 normal children (mean age 9.4,SD=0.6 years), consisting of 131 boys and 19 girls. For this study, 184 ADHD subjects, 150 normal controls, and 98 trios were successfully genotyped.
Sample Collection	Korean
Diagnosis Description	The diagnosis of ADHD was based on the DSM-IV criteria using the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version. For clinical and neuropsychological evaluation of the ADHD subjects, the Child Behavior Checklist, ADHD Rating Scale-IV, Children's Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, Junior Temperament and Character Inventory, and computerized continuous performance test were administered.
Technique	Genomic DNA was extracted from lymphocytes (stored frozen), using a G-DEXTM II Genomic DNA Extraction Kit (Intron, Korea) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Oligonucleotide primers (ADRA2C-F primer 5 -6FAM-CGC TGC CTC CCT TCC ACC TGT TG and ADRA2C-R primer 5 -AGT GGG CAG GGC GGG GCA GGT) were used to generate the ADRA2C (GT)n polymorphic region.
Analysis Method	The allele frequencies were estimated by counting, and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was calculated based on these allele frequencies, using the goodness-of-fit X²(Chi-square) test. For the family-based association analysis of the ADRA2C polymorphisms with ADHD, the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) was performed using the extended transmission disequilibrium test (ETDT) program.
Result Description	The findings provide important evidence that the ADRA2C polymorphism is involved in the etiology of ADHD in Korean subjects.

Other variant reported by this study (count: 1)

Variant Name	Allele Change	Risk Allele	Statistical Values	Author Comments	Result of Statistical Analysis
ADRA2C upstream (TG)n			allele frequencies P-value>0.05 between the ADHD and control...... allele frequencies P-value>0.05 between the ADHD and control groups; TDT P-value=0.025, X²=19.07; 183-bp allele P-value=0.054, X²=3.72; 187-bp allele P-value=0.012, X²=6.26 More...	showed significant associations with ADHD	Significant

Genes reported by this study (count: 1)