ADHDgene Database

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Large-scale studies

Data Summary

Published Variant
- SNP: 1391
- CNV: 398
- Others: 173
Published Gene: 359
Published Region: 128
Pathway by PBA: 8
Study: 361

Study Report

Basic Info

Reference	Hoogman, M., 201222749356
Citation	Hoogman M., Onnink M., Cools R., Aarts E., Kan C., Arias Vasquez A., Buitelaar J. and Franke B. (2012) "The dopamine transporter haplotype and reward-related striatal responses in adult ADHD." Eur Neuropsychopharmacol.
Study Design	case-control
Study Type	Candidate-gene association study
Sample Size	87 adult ADHD patients, 77 comparison subjects
Predominant Ethnicity	Caucasian
Population	Dutch
Age Group	Adults

Detail Info

Summary	To better understand how the DAT1 gene exerts effects on ADHD, we studied the effect of this gene on reward-related brain functioning in the area of its highest expression in the brain, the striatum, using functional magnetic resonance imaging. In doing so, we tried to resolve inconsistencies observed in previous studies of healthy individuals and ADHD-affected children. In a sample of 87 adult ADHD patients and 77 healthy comparison subjects, we confirmed the association of the 9-6 haplotype with adult ADHD. Striatal hypoactivation during the reward anticipation phase of a monetary incentive delay task in ADHD patients was again shown, but no significant effects of DAT1 on striatal activity were found. Although the importance of the DAT1 haplotype as a risk factor for adult ADHD was again demonstrated in this study, the mechanism by which this gene increases disease risk remains largely unknown.
Total Sample	One hundred and sixty-five individuals (87 adult ADHD patients, 77 comparison subjects) from the Dutch cohort of the International Multicentre persistent ADHD CollaboraTion, IMpACT, participated in thi sstudy.
Sample Collection	One hundred and sixty-five individuals from the Dutch cohort of the International Multicentre persistent ADHD CollaboraTion, IMpACT, participated in this study. Healthy subjects were recruited from the department of Psychiatry of the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre and through advertisements.
Diagnosis Description	Patients were included if they met DSM-IV-TR criteria for ADHD in childhood as well as adulthood. All subjects were assessed using the Diagnostic Interview for Adult ADHD (DIVA).
Technique	Genotyping of the 40 base pair VNTR in the 3' UTR and the VNTR in intron 8 of SLC6A3/DAT1 were carried out as described before(Franke etal.,2008) at the department of Human Genetics of the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre. Haplotypes were calculated using the Haplostats package (Rversion 2.12.0).
Analysis Method	A chi-square test was performed comparing the presence of the 9-6 haplotype in ADHD patients with presence in controls. In addition,we studied the role of the 9-6 haplotype in patients with respect to ADHD severity by performing a t-test with the number of Hyperactive/Impulsive symptoms and the number of Inattentive symptoms as dependent variable and presence of the 9-6 haplotype as grouping variable.
Result Description	In a sample of 87 adult ADHD patients and 77 healthy comparison subjects, we confirmed the association of the 9-6 haplotype with adult ADHD. Striatal hypoactivation during the reward anticipation phase of a monetary incentive delay task in ADHD patients was again shown, but no significant effects of DAT1 on striatal activity were found. Although the importance of the DAT1 haplotype as a risk factor for adult ADHD was again demonstrated in this study, the mechanism by which this gene increases disease risk remains largely unknown.

Genes reported by this study (count: 1)