ADHDgene Database

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Large-scale studies

Data Summary

Published Variant
- SNP: 1391
- CNV: 398
- Others: 173
Published Gene: 359
Published Region: 128
Pathway by PBA: 8
Study: 361

Study Report

Basic Info

Reference	Xu X, 2008(a)18452186
Citation	Xu X., Duman E. A., Anney R., Brookes K., Franke B., Zhou K., Buschgens C., Chen W., Christiansen H., Eisenberg J., Gabriels I., Manor I., Marco R., Muller U. C., Mulligan A., Rommelse N., Thompson M., Uebel H., Banaschewski T., Buitelaar J., Ebstein R., Gill M., Miranda A., Mulas F., Oades R. D., Roeyers H., Rothenberger A., Sergeant J., Sonuga-Barke E., Steinhausen H. C., Taylor E., Faraone S. V. and Asherson P. (2008) "No association between two polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter gene and combined type attention deficit hyperactivity disorder." Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet, 147B(7): 1306-9.
Study Design	family-based
Study Type	Candidate-gene association study
Sample Size	1020 families with 1166 probands
Predominant Ethnicity	Caucasian
Population	Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland, Israel, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom
Gender	88% males for cases
Age Group	Children/Adolescents : 5-17 years

Detail Info

Summary	To provide further clarification of the reported associations, they investigated the association of two polymorphisms of SLC6A4 with ADHD in a sample of 1,020 families with 1,166 combined type ADHD cases for the International Multi- Centre ADHD Genetics project, using the Transmission Disequilibrium Test. Given the large body of work supporting the association of the promoter polymorphism and mood disorders, they further analyzed the group of subjects with ADHD plus mood disorder separately. No association was found between either of the two markers and ADHD in their large multisite study or with depression within the sample of ADHD cases.
Total Sample	All ADHD probands and their siblings were aged 5-17 at the time of entry into the study and access was required to one or both biological parents for DNA collection. The final dataset used in this study consisted of 1,020 ADHD families with 1,166 DSM-IV combined type probands. DNA was available for both parents in 891 families (87%) and from one parent in 129 families (13%). Eighty-eight percentage of the ADHD cases were male.
Sample Collection	European Caucasian
Diagnosis Description	The diagnosis of ADHD was made following a parent interview with the Parental Account of Child Symptoms interview that asks about ADHD symptoms in various settings. An algorithm was used to derive each of the DSM-IV ADHD symptoms from the PACS interview data and these were combined with items that scored two or more from teacher ratings of DSM-IV items taken from the long version of the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale. The diagnosis of ADHD was made if sufficient items were identified to fulfill DSM-IV criteria, and both impairment and pervasiveness were present.
Technique	Genotyping followed routine procedures. The 44-bp insertion/ deletion 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and the 17-bp STin2- VNTR polymorphism were genotyped using the methods described in Zoroglu et al. [2002].
Analysis Method	The program suite UNPHASED was used to test the linkage disequilibrium (LD) between the individual marker locus and haplotypes. TDTPHASE was used for the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) analysis from family genotype data.
Result Description	No association was found between either of the two markers and ADHD in their large multisite study or with depression within the sample of ADHD cases.

Other variant reported by this study (count: 2)

Variant Name	Allele Change	Risk Allele	Statistical Values	Author Comments	Result of Statistical Analysis
5HTTLPR	short/long		TDT P-value=0.27, X²=1.21, OR=1.07, for L allele;...... TDT P-value=0.27, X²=1.21, OR=1.07, for L allele; TDT P-value=0.27, X²=1.21, OR=0.93, for S allele More...	were not significantly associated with ADHD	Non-significant
SLC6A4 intron2 VNTR	9/10/12 allele		TDT P-value=1.00, X²=0.00, OR=1.00, for 9 allele;...... TDT P-value=1.00, X²=0.00, OR=1.00, for 9 allele; TDT P-value=0.74, X²=0.11, OR=1.02, for 10 allele; TDT P-value=0.74, X²=0.11, OR=0.98, for 12 allele More...	were not significantly associated with ADHD	Non-significant

Genes reported by this study (count: 1)