ADHDgene Database

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Large-scale studies

Data Summary

Published Variant
- SNP: 1391
- CNV: 398
- Others: 173
Published Gene: 359
Published Region: 128
Pathway by PBA: 8
Study: 361

Study Report

Basic Info

Reference	Bhaduri N, 2006 (b)16616989
Citation	Bhaduri N. and Mukhopadhyay K. (2006) "Lack of significant association between -1021C-->T polymorphism in the dopamine beta hydroxylase gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder." Neurosci Lett, 402(1-2): 12-6.
Study Design	case-control and family-based
Study Type	Candidate-gene association study
Sample Size	73 ADHD cases and their families, 90 healthy controls
Predominant Ethnicity	Indian
Population	India
Gender	89% male
Age Group	Children/Adolescents : 2.4-14 years

Detail Info

Summary	They have carried out family-based studies with three polymorphisms in the DBH gene, -1021C->T polymorphism, exon 2444g/a and intron 5 TaqI RFLP, to explore their association with Indian ADHD cases. Allele and genotype frequency of these polymorphisms in ADHD cases were compared with that of their parents and a control group. Haplotypes obtained were analyzed for linkage disequilibrium (LD). Haplotype-based haplotype relative risk analysis and transmission disequilibrium test showed lack of significant association between transmission of the polymorphisms and ADHD. A haplotype comprising of allele 1 of all polymorphisms showed a slight positive trend towards transmission from parents to ADHD probands. Strong LD was observed between 444g/a and TaqI RFLP in all the groups. However, low D' values and corresponding log of odds scores in the control group as compared to the ADHD families indicated that, the incidence of the two polymorphisms being transmitted together could be higher in ADHD families.
Total Sample	Seventy-three ADHD cases and their families, which include 41 cases used for a previous publication from their lab, were recruited. Age range of the probands was between 2.4 and 14 years, with males accounting for 89% of cases. Five probands were from Muslim families and the rest belonged to Hindu faith, of which, four probands were from the 'Marwari' community of the Northwest Indian state of Rajasthan. Apart from the 'Marwari' probands, rest ADHD cases were from the Eastern India. Five families consisted of mother and affected child, four families consisted of father and affected child, and 64 families comprised of complete parent-offspring trios.
Sample Collection	Seventy-three ADHD cases and their families, which include 41 cases used for a previous publication from their lab, were recruited from the Out-Patient Clinic of Manovikas Kendra Rehabilitation and Research Institute for the Handicapped, Kolkata, India.
Diagnosis Description	Diagnoses were made by mental health professionals (child psychiatrist and child psychologist) according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-4th edition-Text revised [1] followed by psychological evaluation through: (1) The Conners' Parents and Teachers Rating Scale and (2) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children for the inattention-hyperactivity level and IQ status, respectively. Forty-four probands (60%) had ADHD combined type, nine (12%) the inattentive type and 20 (28%) the hyperactive/impulsive subtype.
Technique	Peripheral blood was collected from ADHD subjects, their parents and control individuals after obtaining informed written consent and genomic DNA was prepared from leUnited Kingdomocytes. PCR amplification for all the polymorphisms was carried out using Perkin Elmer thermal cycler (Gene Amp #2400).
Analysis Method	Haplotype-based haplotype relative risk (HHRR) analysis as well as the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) was used to ascertain association between ADHD and transmission of genetic polymorphisms. The GENEPOP program (web version 3.4) was used to generate the allele and genotype frequencies for the polymorphisms. Transmission of haplotypes in the ADHD cases was analyzed using HAPLOVIEW program (version 3.2).
Result Description	Haplotype-based haplotype relative risk analysis and transmission disequilibrium test showed lack of significant association between transmission of the polymorphisms and ADHD. A haplotype comprising of allele 1 of all polymorphisms showed a slight positive trend towards transmission from parents to ADHD probands. Strong LD was observed between *444g/a and TaqI RFLP in all the groups. However, low D' values and corresponding log of odds scores in the control group as compared to the ADHD families indicated that, the incidence of the two polymorphisms being transmitted together could be higher in ADHD families.

SNPs reported by this study (count: 3)

SNP	Allele Change	Risk Allele	Statistical Values	Author Comments	Result of Statistical Analysis
rs1108580			allelic HHRR P-value=0.68, X²=0.17, RR=1.06 (for A1); allelic TDT P-value=0.54, X²=0.38, RR=0.95 (for A2)	HHRR analysis suggested lack of significant increase in the ...... HHRR analysis suggested lack of significant increase in the transmission of the polymorphism in ADHD subjects and TDT revealed a minor increase in transmission of the 'g' allele in the probands More...	Non-significant
rs2519152			allelic HHRR P-value=0.48, X²=0.49, RR=1.10 (for A1); allelic TDT P-value=0.42, X²=0.64, RR=0.9 (for A2)	HHRR analysis showed lack of preferential transmission in AD...... HHRR analysis showed lack of preferential transmission in ADHD probands and TDT revealed a slight increase in transmission of allele 1 More...	Non-significant
rs1611115	C/T		allelic HHRR P-value=1.0, X²=0.0; allelic TDT P-value=1.0, X²=0.0; RR=1.0 (for A1 and A2)	both HHRR and TDT analysis revealed lack of association betw...... both HHRR and TDT analysis revealed lack of association between ADHD and transmission of the T allele More...	Non-significant

Genes reported by this study (count: 1)